By Authorities in Ghana and Nigeria arrested 28 people during an international crackdown on online fraud networks, including cryptocurrency investment scams, while private-sector investigators identified more than $11 million in funds that could potentially be frozen, the U.S. Department of Justice announced on October 13.The operation also identified 117 human trafficking victims in Ghana, removed more than 3.7 million fraudulent social media accounts, pages and groups, and generated investigative leads on over 30 suspected scam centers.
The $11 million represents assets identified as potentially subject to freezing, rather than money confirmed seized or returned to victims. Authorities separately reported cryptocurrency seizures but did not disclose their value, the digital assets involved or how much could ultimately be recovered.
The October 6–9 initiative, hosted by the UK’s National Crime Agency (NCA), involved law enforcement agencies and technology companies including Coinbase, Binance, Meta, Chainalysis, Elliptic and TRM Labs.
What Did Authorities Uncover in Ghana and Nigeria?
Ghanaian authorities arrested 19 people in Sasaabi, near Accra, and seized 303 electronic devices. Investigators identified 117 trafficking victims awaiting repatriation to Nigeria, along with 89 additional victims of online fraud whose reported losses totaled approximately $8.3 million.
In Nigeria’s Delta State, authorities arrested another nine people and seized 53 devices, comprising six laptops, 35 phones and 12 routers.
The targeted networks allegedly operated cryptocurrency investment fraud, romance scams, impersonation schemes and digital arrest scams in which criminals pretended to be law enforcement officials to extort payments.
The operation also exposed the exploitation of trafficked workers inside suspected scam compounds. Some individuals initially detained during earlier raids were subsequently identified as possible victims coerced into participating in criminal activity.
That distinction matters for investigators seeking to separate organizers and financial beneficiaries from people forced to conduct fraudulent activity.
The DOJ described the initiative as the first coordinated disruption focused specifically on West African scam networks, following comparable international operations against fraud compounds in Southeast Asia.
Investor Takeaway
The arrests disrupt suspected fraud operations, but the financial impact remains uncertain. The $8.3 million in reported victim losses, $11 million in potentially freezable funds and undisclosed cryptocurrency seizures are separate measures and should not be combined into a recovery total.
How Did Coinbase and Blockchain Investigators Trace the Funds?
Coinbase said its Global Intelligence team worked with law enforcement to trace illicit financial activity, share transaction intelligence and support efforts to freeze assets associated with suspected scam networks.
Meta separately reported that Coinbase proactively identified more than 65 active scam victims and prevented over $415,000 in potential additional losses. This figure represents estimated losses avoided, not recovered stolen funds.
TRM Labs said its investigators mapped infrastructure behind dozens of fraudulent websites, traced suspected scam proceeds and exposed a large peer-to-peer laundering network connecting activity across the United States, United Kingdom and West Africa.
Chainalysis and Elliptic also participated in the intelligence-sharing effort, helping investigators connect blockchain activity with suspected fraud infrastructure and identify potentially actionable financial flows.
The involvement of cryptocurrency exchanges is particularly relevant because blockchain transactions can be traced across addresses, while funds entering custodial platforms may become subject to account restrictions and legal freezing requests.
However, identifying suspicious transactions does not establish that assets remain accessible or legally recoverable. Funds may pass through intermediaries, be converted into other assets or move beyond the control of participating exchanges.
FinanceFeeds previously reported that Coinbase froze more than $3 million in cryptocurrency during a separate DOJ-led operation against Southeast Asian scam networks in June.
Another earlier investigation saw Coinbase assist the U.S. Secret Service in tracing cryptocurrency linked to a $225 million fraud seizure.
Investor Takeaway
Blockchain tracing can strengthen fraud investigations, but tracing, freezing, seizure and victim reimbursement are distinct stages. The operation demonstrates growing cooperation between exchanges and investigators without establishing how much of the identified $11 million will become recoverable.
Why Were 3.7 Million Social Media Accounts Removed?
Meta said it removed more than 3.7 million Facebook and Instagram accounts, pages and groups associated with suspected scam activity originating in West Africa. Most appeared to target users in the United States and United Kingdom through impersonation.
The NCA also reported the disabling of more than 380 suspected scam domains, alongside additional account restrictions based on intelligence supplied by fraud investigators.
These interventions targeted the infrastructure used to recruit victims, establish false identities and direct users toward fraudulent investment opportunities.
Removing millions of accounts does not necessarily mean millions of individual criminals were identified. Scam operators can control multiple profiles, and the disclosed figures do not establish how many victims were exposed to each account.
The operation nevertheless increases pressure on the acquisition channels used by investment fraud networks. FinanceFeeds previously examined the financial and regulatory challenges associated with fraudulent advertising on Meta’s platforms.
What Happens Next for Crypto Fraud Enforcement?
The DOJ said investment scams involving cryptocurrency generated more than $7.2 billion in reported U.S. losses during 2025, a 24% increase from the previous year.
That broader financial exposure explains the growing focus on tracing proceeds across exchanges, payment services and blockchain networks rather than concentrating exclusively on fraudulent websites or individual suspects.
The enforcement process now depends on identifying the beneficial owners of suspect accounts, obtaining appropriate legal freezing orders and establishing which assets can be connected to particular victims.
Similar recovery challenges have appeared in previous cases, including a U.S. civil forfeiture action seeking more than $2.1 million in USDT linked to alleged cryptocurrency investment fraud.
For the West African operation, authorities have not disclosed a final confiscation total, comprehensive asset inventory or confirmed restitution schedule.
Investor Takeaway
The immediate outcome is an enforcement and intelligence-sharing success rather than a quantified financial recovery. Subsequent asset-freezing orders, prosecutions, cryptocurrency seizure disclosures and victim compensation figures will provide stronger evidence of the operation’s lasting impact.